Hip-hop manifests in numerous art forms, including rap music, breakdance, street art, street fashion, and poetry. Freestyles can include pre-written elements, and the word sometimes refers to written raps that are improvised-feeling (like impromptus in classical music.) But the most advanced freestyle is genuinely spontaneous, like a jazz solo.Ī set of cultural forms, aesthetics and political orientations arising from American urban environments as experienced by poor and working-class people of color. Can also refer specifically to a rhythmic figure or motif, e.g., the “Migos triplet flow.”
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Other widely used DAWs include Logic, Ableton Live, Pro Tools, and Reason.Īn emcee’s vocal style, usually referring more to rhythmic and pitch aspects than word choice. Short for FL Studio, formerly known as Fruity Loops, a digital audio workstation (DAW) widely used in rap production. To creatively repurpose or alter a sample, especially in an unexpected way. While some rappers employ ghostwriters, this practice is not generally respected. Emcees are expected to write their own lyrics.
In the 1980s, emcees became the focus, and DJs took on more of a background or behind the scenes role. There is broad overlap between the role of DJs and producers.Ī rap vocalist, from MC (Master of Ceremonies.) In the 1970s, emcees were side performers who accompanied DJs, hyped up the crowd, and improvised lines. May also refer to a turntablist specifically. Short for “disrespect.” A diss track is a song that mocks and insults another rapper. In a successful cypher, freestyling is continual, with no pause between one participant and the next. “Breakdancing” is a hip-hop dance style that originally referred to dances performed to looped breakbeats.Ī circle of emcees who take turns freestyling (improvising) rap verses, in a spirit that combines competition and cooperation. the iconic saxophone break from “Today” by Tom Scott that appears in “They Reminisce Over You (T.R.O.Y.)” by Pete Rock and CL Smooth.Ī looped sample of the drums-only section of a funk or soul record. However, breaks can include any sound, e.g. the Amen break, a heavily-sampled drum solo from “Amen Brother” by The Winstons. Breaks are typically unaccompanied drum or percussion parts, e.g. “Boom bap” is an onomatopoeia for the kick and snare respectively.Īn instrumental loop. The predominant production style of East Coast rap in the 1980s and early 1990s, dominated by samples of acoustic drums. A producer who flips an unlicensed sample is admired, but if another producer then uses the sample sample in the same way, that is biting. While sampling, quotation and interpolation are expected, it is not acceptable to covertly take an idea or style from another hip-hop artist. Was originally used as a noun: “the human beatbox.” In this last sense, a “beat” need not include any drums at all. May refer to the rhythmic aspect of a song generally, to its drum/percussion parts, or to an entire instrumental track. To say that an emcee has “got bars” means that they write or improvise especially well.
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While such software was intended for naturalistic-sounding pitch correction, rappers make conspicuous use of Auto-Tune’s ”zero retune speed” (instantaneous correction) setting to create unnatural pitch quantization. The word “autotune” has become a metonym for pitch correction generally. Pitch-correction software made by Antares. “808” has become a metonym for any tuned synthesized kick drum. The 808 kick drum is rich in harmonics and clearly pitched, so it can be tuned to play basslines. A ubiquitous sound in hip-hop, often in sampled or emulated form.
My purpose is to introduce the most important musical terms, along with some more general slang for context.
This list will necessarily be out of date by the time you read it. Such a thing would be impossible, especially because the culture is constantly producing new terms. This is not meant to be a comprehensive guide to hip-hop slang and vocabulary.
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